Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center perfectly coordinates from afar with the building complex (consisting of Hangzhou Public Services Center, International Convention Center, Hangzhou Grand Theatre, etc.) on the central axis of the core zone of Qianjiang New Town, creating a landmark riverside landscape belt. Its construction will also drive the development of surrounding areas, form an urban complex integrating sports, convention & exhibition, tourism, leisure, culture and residence, and play the role of urban “engine” in the new quarter of the city.
The consortium of CCDI and NBBJ, as the overall design leader and coordinator of the project, has completed the overall conceptual design of the project, helped the client further establish the functional orientation, plane layout, traffic organization and so forth of Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center, and undertaken the architectural design of the main stadium, tennis center, ancillary commerce and underground garage. To be specific, the 80,000-seat main stadium, after being built up, will become the second largest stadium in China, ranking behind the National Stadium “Bird's Nest”; the 10,000-seat tennis finals court adopts a retractable roof, and can thus ensure all-weather and multi-functional service.
The consortium of CCDI and NBBJ, as the overall design leader and coordinator of the project, has completed the overall conceptual design of the project, helped the client further establish the functional orientation, plane layout, traffic organization and so forth of Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center, and undertaken the architectural design of the main stadium, tennis center, ancillary commerce and underground garage. To be specific, the 80,000-seat main stadium, after being built up, will become the second largest stadium in China, ranking behind the National Stadium “Bird's Nest”; the 10,000-seat tennis finals court adopts a retractable roof, and can thus ensure all-weather and multi-functional service.
Planning and design
Planning and design：
• The concept of “weaving” is extracted the characteristic culture of silk of Hangzhou, and smoothly injects the texture of the city deep inside the base.
• “Organic”, a relatively general concept, is embodied as a flow line pattern in form in the specific design of the project and as an interactive relation among various forms in space.
• The concept of “water” describes the main natural characteristics of Hangzhou, a city embraced by waters and hills.
• The concept of “green” is concretely manifested in the relation between the building and the earth, and emphasizes the idea of a building growing naturally out of the earth through weakening the hard boundary between them; many green gentle slopes have been designed as buffer zones to create a gradual psychological acceptance process for people approaching it.
• “Organic”, a relatively general concept, is embodied as a flow line pattern in form in the specific design of the project and as an interactive relation among various forms in space.
• The concept of “water” describes the main natural characteristics of Hangzhou, a city embraced by waters and hills.
• The concept of “green” is concretely manifested in the relation between the building and the earth, and emphasizes the idea of a building growing naturally out of the earth through weakening the hard boundary between them; many green gentle slopes have been designed as buffer zones to create a gradual psychological acceptance process for people approaching it.
Operational planning
Operational planning：
• Adequate operational planning at the beginning of project approval
• Full consideration of the temporal pattern of the venue and its nature as a complex integrated with sports industry, commerce, convention & exhibition, MTR properties and so forth in the architectural conceptual scheme
• Full consideration of the temporal pattern of the venue and its nature as a complex integrated with sports industry, commerce, convention & exhibition, MTR properties and so forth in the architectural conceptual scheme
Design concept
Design concept：
• The inspiration of the stadium and tennis center is derived from the ancient silk texture and weaving system of Hangzhou, while the physical appearance of the building is comes from the vitality of the water of the Qiantang River, from the growth of trees nearby and the force and changes of life here; the concise law of petal constitution represents an extension of nature, sunshine and shadows, just like wonderful flowers blossoming on the river banks.
Architectural design
Architectural design：
• Perforated metal plates, able to meet the graceful curved surface petal molding of the stadium, are adopted as the main surface material of the awning, supported by the highly advanced, thin and transparent ETFE material; the elegant and graceful forms and the interspersed and integrated materials have rendered the stadium changeable with outer environment and created its clear demarcation of virtuality and reality, its rich layers and its changeable charms.
• Hangzhou Mass Culture Center, Seal Museum of China and other mass participation cultural formats are introduced to enrich the cultural formats and lay the foundation of atmosphere creation for operations in the late stage.
• Underground and large-size commercial streets are integrated to fully explore the commercial potentials besides sports events, and to further improve its operational capacity.
• Hangzhou Mass Culture Center, Seal Museum of China and other mass participation cultural formats are introduced to enrich the cultural formats and lay the foundation of atmosphere creation for operations in the late stage.
• Underground and large-size commercial streets are integrated to fully explore the commercial potentials besides sports events, and to further improve its operational capacity.
Structural design
Structural design：
• Launching point and landing point of structural form selection: adoption of the spatial pipe truss + cable-stayed single-layer latticed shell structure system, based on the organic combination of structural form and petal molding, to first separately design large and small petals and then organically overlay them, thus creating a scientific and rational structural system
• Integration of structure, surface and outer envelope systems to achieve the high unification of safety, economic efficiency and aesthetic appearance
• Design of the radial primary truss with a cantilever length of 52.5m and an underground overall structural length of 700m, and adoption of a super-long and seamless structural system, posing new challenges to both design and construction
• Introduction of structural innovations to create rich visual impacts, drive construction technology improvement and embrace the challenges of complex building construction
• Integration of structure, surface and outer envelope systems to achieve the high unification of safety, economic efficiency and aesthetic appearance
• Design of the radial primary truss with a cantilever length of 52.5m and an underground overall structural length of 700m, and adoption of a super-long and seamless structural system, posing new challenges to both design and construction
• Introduction of structural innovations to create rich visual impacts, drive construction technology improvement and embrace the challenges of complex building construction
Green building
Green building：
• Full consideration of energy utilization control and energy consumption reduction during both idle hours and service hours
• Further reduced emission of greenhouse gases by the power-saving lighting system
• Metal roof + PC sheet, characterized by long service life, high self-cleaning performance and recovery convenience, exerting only an insignificant impact on the environment in its full life circle
• Adoption of rainwater collection technology to fully utilize recycled water
• Further reduced emission of greenhouse gases by the power-saving lighting system
• Metal roof + PC sheet, characterized by long service life, high self-cleaning performance and recovery convenience, exerting only an insignificant impact on the environment in its full life circle
• Adoption of rainwater collection technology to fully utilize recycled water
Curtain wall design
Curtain wall design：
• Use of large and small petals, constituted by solid and transparent materials, highlighting the beautiful forms and light and shadow changes of petals
• Use of perforated plates on the façade, creating light and transparent patterns varying with day and night and meeting the special fire control requirement on the outer facade
• Use of PC sheet as the transparent material, characterized by high transparency, high safety, high reliability and water-proof performance, less secondary structures, light weight, etc.
• Adoption of vertically transparent and horizontally nontransparent glass curtain wall; use of super-white tempered glass; use of aluminum alloy grid ceiling and diamond pattern layout; alternate layout of stone curtain wall and stainless steel plates on the lower square
• Accurate layout of minor keels based on the rhinoceros model, and accurate marking of the construction positioning point of each keel
• Use of perforated plates on the façade, creating light and transparent patterns varying with day and night and meeting the special fire control requirement on the outer facade
• Use of PC sheet as the transparent material, characterized by high transparency, high safety, high reliability and water-proof performance, less secondary structures, light weight, etc.
• Adoption of vertically transparent and horizontally nontransparent glass curtain wall; use of super-white tempered glass; use of aluminum alloy grid ceiling and diamond pattern layout; alternate layout of stone curtain wall and stainless steel plates on the lower square
• Accurate layout of minor keels based on the rhinoceros model, and accurate marking of the construction positioning point of each keel
Landscape design
Landscape design：
The landscape design carries on the basic concepts of “organic”, “weaving”, “ecological” and so forth in the planning and design concepts, and highlights the characteristic transition from the “landscape of West Lake era” to the “Qiantang River era”; the waves woven by water and green space are adopted as the framework of landscape constitution; the five traditional landscape elements of Hangzhou, “lake, stream, hill, forest and flower”, are extracted as its flesh and blood; as the finishing touch, the four characteristic landscape gardens are highlighted.
• Functional partition
Green leisure river bank, ecological leisure river bank, four characteristic landscape gardens and river bank leisure area
Urban portal square, urban leisure square, urban entry square and commercial leisure square
• River bank pedestrian systems
River bank pedestrian systems consist of three types, i.e., aerobic exercises-oriented green channels, riverside walkways, and access passages connected with the exits/entrances of the building.
• Touring routes
Touring routes are divided into ground-level and 8m platform-level touring routes. The podium level provides the primary touring route, while the ground level provides the riverside park touring route. After entering the park through the main ground/platform entrance, tourists can freely change routes between the two via the vertical transportation connecting the ground and the platform; the landscape elevators and ground slopes distributed on site can help tourists realize barrier-free sightseeing in the entire park.
• Coastline form
The east and west river courses of Qijia River are the main channels for internal shipping, and they connect the broad east and west sides of the river, creating a gentle yet vast coastline
• Shipping system
A pier terminal for the berthing and repair of internal ships is built on the north side of Qijia Gate; four public piers are built in the principle of proximity to the stadium beside the river courses, creating a smooth and concise internal shipping system.
• Staged and partitioned construction
Guided by the goal of the unification of landscape project implementation in the future, the project is divided into three stages based on landscape types and regional independence, i.e., stage I river course & river bank area, stage II stadium area and stage III tower area.
• Functional partition
Green leisure river bank, ecological leisure river bank, four characteristic landscape gardens and river bank leisure area
Urban portal square, urban leisure square, urban entry square and commercial leisure square
• River bank pedestrian systems
River bank pedestrian systems consist of three types, i.e., aerobic exercises-oriented green channels, riverside walkways, and access passages connected with the exits/entrances of the building.
• Touring routes
Touring routes are divided into ground-level and 8m platform-level touring routes. The podium level provides the primary touring route, while the ground level provides the riverside park touring route. After entering the park through the main ground/platform entrance, tourists can freely change routes between the two via the vertical transportation connecting the ground and the platform; the landscape elevators and ground slopes distributed on site can help tourists realize barrier-free sightseeing in the entire park.
• Coastline form
The east and west river courses of Qijia River are the main channels for internal shipping, and they connect the broad east and west sides of the river, creating a gentle yet vast coastline
• Shipping system
A pier terminal for the berthing and repair of internal ships is built on the north side of Qijia Gate; four public piers are built in the principle of proximity to the stadium beside the river courses, creating a smooth and concise internal shipping system.
• Staged and partitioned construction
Guided by the goal of the unification of landscape project implementation in the future, the project is divided into three stages based on landscape types and regional independence, i.e., stage I river course & river bank area, stage II stadium area and stage III tower area.
Lighting design
Lighting design：
• Overall design: harmony between the night scenery effect of the building and the lighting effects of other buildings and landscapes
• Respect for buildings: use of lighting to deliver the theme and connotations conveyed by the building to people at night, instead of purely showing the light or the lamps and lanterns; design of lighting in such a way as to accurately understand the ideas conveyed by the architect and to correctly grasp the theme and characteristics of the building
• People-oriented approach: embodiment of respect for people from beginning to end in lighting design; lighting layout based on multi-view visual line analysis, thus both effectively ensuring the lighting effect and strictly controlling glare
• Green lighting: saving of lighting power under the premise of guaranteeing a sufficient scale and quality of lighting; attaching of importance to energy saving and environmental protection in overall design; consideration of the power consumption by different lighting scenarios to rationally balance the division of lighting layers of different scenario modes
• Safety and practicality: Full consideration of the installation methods of lamps and lanterns in the design process, making convenience for installation and future maintenance; adoption of low-voltage products for lamps and lanterns within an approachable scale, and keeping of the working temperature below 65° for lamps and lanterns within the reach of arms; avoiding of personal injuries caused by the high working temperature of lamps and lanterns
• Respect for buildings: use of lighting to deliver the theme and connotations conveyed by the building to people at night, instead of purely showing the light or the lamps and lanterns; design of lighting in such a way as to accurately understand the ideas conveyed by the architect and to correctly grasp the theme and characteristics of the building
• People-oriented approach: embodiment of respect for people from beginning to end in lighting design; lighting layout based on multi-view visual line analysis, thus both effectively ensuring the lighting effect and strictly controlling glare
• Green lighting: saving of lighting power under the premise of guaranteeing a sufficient scale and quality of lighting; attaching of importance to energy saving and environmental protection in overall design; consideration of the power consumption by different lighting scenarios to rationally balance the division of lighting layers of different scenario modes
• Safety and practicality: Full consideration of the installation methods of lamps and lanterns in the design process, making convenience for installation and future maintenance; adoption of low-voltage products for lamps and lanterns within an approachable scale, and keeping of the working temperature below 65° for lamps and lanterns within the reach of arms; avoiding of personal injuries caused by the high working temperature of lamps and lanterns
